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Soil Temperature (oC) at depth 10 cm. - Monthly Mean Daily Maximum
(Period 1996 - 2005)
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The Israel Meteorological Service carries out observations of soil temperatures at several depths between 5 cm. and 100 cm. at several stations. These observations are particularly important to the farming community, given that the soil thermal regime has a major impact on many aspects of crop production. For example, soil temperatures influence the rate of fertilizer absorption, root development and general crop growth and development.
Diurnal temperature variations generally decrease with increasing depth. The highest maximum and lowest minimum daily temperatures are at the surface, the former decreasing and the latter increasing with depth.
Diurnal temperature variations at depths between 10-20 cm. are similar to air temperature variations. The seasonal variations at a depth of 1 m. are considerably smaller than seasonal variations near the surface. Furthermore, soil temperature variations with depth are influenced by soil type, soil thermal conductivity and soil moisture.
Observations from some automatic stations at the Israel Meteorological Service
are made at depths of 10,20,30,40,50 and 100 cm. continuously.
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